Examining fluid behavior necessitates differentiating between steady movement and instability. Steady flow implies uniform velocity at each location within the gas, while turbulence describes irregular and fluctuating configurations . The law of continuity quantifies the maintenance of matter –

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several challenges as scientists acquired a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major restriction was its inability to account for the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model assumed that alpha partic